c# questions

61 Are private class-level variables inherited?
Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited.But they are.

62 Why does DllImport not work for me?
All methods marked with the DllImport attribute must be marked as public static extern.

63 Why does my Windows application pop up a console window every time I run it?
Make sure that the target type set in the project properties setting is set to Windows Application, and not Console Application. If you're using the command line, compile
with /target:winexe & not /target:exe.

64 Why do I get an error (CS1006) when trying to declare a method without specifying a return type?
If you leave off the return type on a method declaration, the compiler thinks you are trying to declare a constructor. So if you are trying to declare a method that returns nothing, use void. The
following is an example: // This results in a CS1006 error
public static staticMethod (mainStatic obj)
// This will work as wanted
public static void staticMethod (mainStatic obj)

65 Why do I get a syntax error when trying to declare a variable called checked?
The word checked is a keyword in C#.

66 Why do I get a security exception when I try to run my C# app?
Some security exceptions are thrown if you are working on a network share. There are some parts of the frameworks that will not run if being run off a share (roaming profile, mapped drives, etc.). To see if this is what's happening, just move the executable over to your local drive and see if it runs without the exceptions. One of the common exceptions thrown under these conditions is
System.Security.SecurityException.
To get around this, you can change your security policy for the intranet zone, code group 1.2,
(the zone that running off shared folders falls into) by using the caspol.exe tool.

67 Why do I get a "CS5001: does not have an entry point defined" error when compiling?
The most common problem is that you used a lowercase 'm' when defining the Main method.
The correct way to implement the entry point is as follows:

class test
{
static void Main(string[] args) {}
}

68 What optimizations does the C# compiler perform when you use the /optimize+ compiler
option?
The following is a response from a developer on the C# compiler team:
We get rid of unused locals (i.e., locals that are never read, even if assigned).
We get rid of unreachable code.
We get rid of try-catch w/ an empty try.
We get rid of try-finally w/ an empty try (convert to normal code...).
We get rid of try-finally w/ an empty finally (convert to normal code...).
We optimize branches over branches:
gotoif A, lab1
goto lab2:
lab1:
turns into: gotoif !A, lab2
lab1:
We optimize branches to ret, branches to next instruction, and branches to branches.

69 What is the syntax for calling an overloaded constructor within a constructor (this() and
constructorname() does not compile)?
The syntax for calling another constructor is as follows:
class B
{
B(int i)
{ }
}
class C : B
{
C() : base(5) // call base constructor B(5)
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{ }
C(int i) : this() // call C()
{ }
public static void Main() {}
}

70 What is the equivalent to regsvr32 and regsvr32 /u a file in .NET development?
Try using RegAsm.exe. The general syntax would be: RegAsm. A good description of RegAsm
and its associated switches is located in the .NET SDK docs. Just search on "Assembly
Registration Tool".

71 What is the difference between a struct and a class in C#?
From language spec:
The list of similarities between classes and structs is as follows.
Longstructs can implement interfaces and can have the same kinds of members as classes.
Structs differ from classes in several important ways; however, structs are value types rather than
reference types, and inheritance is not supported for structs. Struct values are stored on the stack
or in-line. Careful programmers can sometimes enhance performance through judicious use of
structs. For example, the use of a struct rather
than a class for a Point can make a large difference in the number of memory allocations
performed at runtime. The program below creates and initializes an array of 100 points. With
Point implemented as a class, 101 separate objects are instantiated-one for the array and one
each for the 100 elements.

72 My switch statement works differently! Why?
C# does not support an explicit fall through for case blocks. The following code is not legal and
will not compile in C#: switch(x)
{
case 0:
// do something
case 1:
// do something in common with 0
default:
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// do something in common with
//0, 1 and everything else
break;
}
To achieve the same effect in C#, the code must be modified as shown
below (notice how the control flows are explicit): class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
int x = 3;
switch(x)
{
case 0:
// do something
goto case 1;
case 1:
// do something in common with 0
goto default;
default:
// do something in common with 0, 1, and anything else
break;
}
}
}

73 Is there regular expression (regex) support available to C# developers?
Yes. The .NET class libraries provide support for regular expressions. Look at the
documentation for the System.Text.RegularExpressions namespace.

74 Is there any sample C# code for simple threading?
Some sample code follows: using System;
using System.Threading;
class ThreadTest
{
public void runme()
{
Console.WriteLine("Runme Called");
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
ThreadTest b = new ThreadTest();
Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(b.runme));
t.Start();
}
}

75 Is there an equivalent to the instanceof operator in Visual J++?
C# has the is operator:
expr is type

76 Is there an equivalent of exit() for quitting a C# .NET application?
Yes, you can use System.Environment.Exit(int exitCode) to exit the application or
Application.Exit() if it's a Windows Forms app.

77 Is there a way to force garbage collection?
Yes. Set all references to null and then call System.GC.Collect().
If you need to have some objects destructed, and System.GC.Collect() doesn't seem to be doing
it for you, you can force finalizers to be run by setting all the references to the object to null and
then calling System.GC.RunFinalizers().

78 Is there a way of specifying which block or loop to break out of when working with nested
loops?
The easiest way is to use goto: using System;
class BreakExample
{
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("Pass {0}: ", i);
for( int j=0 ; j<100 ; j++ )
{
if ( j == 10) goto done;
Console.WriteLine("{0} ", j);
}
Console.WriteLine("This will not print");
}
done:
Console.WriteLine("Loops complete.");
}
}

79 Is it possible to restrict the scope of a field/method of a class to the classes in the same
namespace?
There is no way to restrict to a namespace. Namespaces are never units of protection. But if
you're using assemblies, you can use the 'internal' access modifier to restrict access to only within the assembly.

80 Is it possible to inline assembly or IL in C# code?
No.